Dual-chamber chromatographic cartridge

ABSTRACT

A chromatography cartridge with a packed bed is manufactured from an inner and outer chamber, the inner chamber being in an insert that is slidable into the outer chamber with openings in each such that a slurry that is originally placed in the interior of the outer chamber flows into the inner chamber as the parts are being pressed into each other. During the assembly, the particles in the slurry are compressed to fill the smaller volume of the inner chamber and excess liquid is discharged through ports in both chambers. The construction allows for a highly precise and reproducible column filling process with a minimum of steps and operator intervention and thereby low cost and reduced error.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention resides in the field of laboratory apparatus for chromatographic separations of liquid samples. This invention is particularly concerned with packed-bed column cartridges and their method of manufacture.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Packed-column chromatography is widely used in clinical laboratories and research laboratories by virtue of its ability to separate components of liquid samples from many sources and for many reasons. As both an analytical tool and a diagnostic tool, packed-column chromatography offers a means of providing rapid determinations with a minimum of effort and sample preparation. As in all analytical and diagnostic methods, the value of packed-column chromatography is greatest when a large number of samples are to be analyzed under the same criteria or for comparison with each other or with a standard. The optimal packed-column chromatography system is therefore one that produces separations quickly and in a reproducible and reliable manner. This requires standardized conditions which include a high degree of control over the packing volume, the packing density and the flow pattern of the sample and carrier liquid through the packing. These qualities are all enhanced when there is minimal opportunity for user error.

The need for speed, uniformity and reliability has led to the development of column cartridges or pre-packaged disposable columns, which are manufactured by mass production, purchased in bulk, and used either once or a limited number of times before being discarded. The use of cartridges that are packed by the manufacturer sharply reduces the opportunity for user error, and offers the standardization and uniformity that comes with high-volume manufacture and mass production techniques. Nevertheless, prepackaging shifts the error to the manufacturing process, where opportunities for error and variability still exist. Such factors as the inattentiveness of individuals in the manufacturing plant and changes of manufacturing personnel can introduce nonuniformities into the product, and in any event, the cost of labor remains a factor, particularly when a precision product is sought.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention resides in a dual-chamber chromatography cartridge in which an outer chamber is designed to allow sliding entry of an inner chamber having an open end and a smaller volumetric capacity than the outer chamber, and one or both of the chambers has a liquid discharge port that allows passage of liquid while blocking passage of solid particles. The cartridge is thus packed and assembled by charging the outer chamber with a slurry of solid particulate packing material in a carrier liquid, then inserting the inner chamber into the outer chamber and sliding the inner chamber into the full depth of the outer chamber to force the slurry into the interior of the inner chamber while compressing the particulate material within the inner chamber. By selecting a volume of slurry that contains sufficient particulate material to fill the interior of the inner chamber when the particulate material is packed and no more, and by allowing any excess carrier liquid to escape through the discharge port while the particulate material is being packed, the inner chamber upon full insertion will be densely packed with the particulate material in a uniform and highly controlled manner by two simple steps—charging the outer chamber with the slurry and inserting the inner chamber to its full depth. This reduces the number of steps in the packing process, allows the use of automated packing procedures with precisely controlled pressures, flow rates, and other operating conditions, and results in a finished cartridge that is ready to use with a high degree of user confidence and reliability and low cost. The present invention thus resides in a process for manufacturing a packed-bed chromatography cartridge utilizing the inner and outer chambers and a slurry of the packing material, and in the combination of components that constitute the cartridge. Further objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description that follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the components of a cartridge in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross section of two of the three components of FIG. 1 in partially assembled configuration.

FIG. 3 is a cross section of the same components as FIG. 2 except fully assembled.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The inner and outer chambers of the cartridges of this invention can vary widely in size and configuration, although preferably both are cylindrical with circular cross sections. The inner chamber will be selected with an axial length and cross-sectional area that are suitable for the chromatographic separations to be performed in the cartridge. These dimensions will therefore vary according to the size of the sample to be separated or analyzed, the particle size and volume of the packing material, and any other parameters of the separation, and it will be beneficial for a supplier to offer a range of sizes. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the interior of the inner chamber to that of the interior of the outer chamber can for example range from about 0.05 to about 0.5. The volume of the inner chamber, and hence the bulk volume of the separation medium in the finished cartridge, can for example range from about 0.5 mL to about 50 mL, or preferably from about 1 mL to about 25 mL. Likewise, the length of the inner chamber can for example range from about 1.0 cm to about 20 cm, or preferably from about 3 cm to about 10 cm, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the interior of the inner chamber can for example range from about 1.25 to about 25, or preferably from about 1.4 to about 10. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the inner and outer chambers are of equal or approximately equal length.

The packing material is supplied as a slurry to facilitate the placement of the material in the outer cylinder and also to facilitate the passage of the material from the outer cylinder into the inner cylinder as the two cylinders are pressed together. The slurry will contain an excess of carrier liquid to improve the flowability of the particles, and the excess liquid will be discharged as the particles are compressed into a packed bed. The volume of the slurry when first placed in the interior of the outer cylinder will thus be greater than the volume of the interior of the inner cylinder and likewise greater than the final volume of the packed bed. The slurry volume may for example be about 120% or more of the final packing volume, preferably about 150% or more, and most preferably about 200% or more. The outer chamber will be sized to accommodate this slurry volume, preferably with excess space so that the slurry will occupy only a portion of the outer chamber. A precisely determined volume of slurry can then be added, and the volume adjusted as needed for different quantities of carrier liquid relative to the suspended particles. The same outer cylinder can be used with inner cylinders of different sizes and hence different slurry and particle volumes.

The particles that form the packed bed are referred to herein as “solid.” This term is used in the present specification and claims to include both rigid particles and deformable resilient particles, and in general any particles that are known to be useful as a stationary phase for chromatographic separations. The term “packing volume” is used herein to denote the bulk volume occupied by a mass of particles that has been compressed to full packing density, i.e., to the point where the particles are in full contact and not movable either by agitation or by the flow of liquid across the bed. The remaining carrier liquid will occupy the interstitial spaces between the packed particles.

As the slurry is compressed and the particles packed, excess carrier liquid is discharged through a discharge port in one or both of the chambers. Preferably, the inner chamber has a discharge port, and most preferably, both the inner and outer chambers have discharge ports. When two ports are present, they will serve as inlet and outlet ports, respectively, for the elution buffer in a chromatographic separation as the separation is being performed in the packed cartridge. The port, or ports when two are present, are configured to allow the passage of carrier liquid but to block the passage of the particles, thereby allowing the particles to pack to full packing density while the chamber cylinders are pressed together and the excess liquid is being discharged. To thus retain the particles while passing the liquid, the ports will be either substantially smaller than the particles or will contain particle blocking members such as frits, filters, mesh disks, and the like. The frits, filters or disks can reside inside the ports themselves or can be placed over the port openings.

While the invention is susceptible of a variety of physical configurations, the novel features of the invention that are common to all such configurations can be understood by a detailed review of one example. Such an example is shown in the attached drawings and described below.

The perspective view of FIG. 1 shows three components of an illustrative cartridge, the components spatially separated for ease of viewing. The components include a cylinder 11, an insert 12, and an end cap 13. The cylinder 11 is closed by a floor 14 at the bottom and open at the top 15, with a discharge port 16 extending downward from the floor. The interior of the cylinder 11 serves as the outer chamber of the cartridge. The insert 12 includes a smaller cylinder 17 whose interior serves as the inner chamber of the cartridge. The smaller cylinder 17 has an open bottom (not visible in this Figure) and a roof or top 18 that is closed except for a discharge port 19 at its center and extending upward. Both the lower discharge port 16 and the upper discharge port 19 in this embodiment are shaped as components of LUER-LOK® fittings, although any connective fittings can be used that are designed to provide fluid-tight connections to transfer tubing or to other ports in a full chromatographic apparatus. The insert has a base flange 21 and centering ribs 22 symmetrically arranged around the smaller cylinder 17 to center the smaller cylinder inside the larger cylinder 11. The end cap 13 secures the insert inside the larger cylinder 11 by pressing against the upper edges of the centering rubs 22 and engaging, i.e., hooking over, a skirt 23 at the top of the larger cylinder 11 that encircles the outer side of the opening 15. Notches 24 in the inner rim of a central opening 25 of the end cap engage the outer corners of shoulders 26 in the centering ribs of the insert for further securement and stabilization.

The axial cross sections of FIGS. 2 and 3 show the larger cylinder 11 and the insert 12, both taken along the aligned centerlines of each and in the planes of two opposing centering ribs 22. The end cap 13 is not shown in these Figures. Both Figures do however show two frits, one 31 on the floor of the larger cylinder to block the entry of particles into the lower discharge port 16 from the interior of the larger cylinder 11, and the other 32 placed inside the interior of the smaller cylinder 17 of the insert 12 where it blocks the entry of particles to the upper discharge port 19 from the interior of the smaller cylinder 17. In the view shown in FIG. 2, a volume of slurry 33 has been placed in the larger cylinder 11, in the which the discharge port 16 is closed with a male LUER-LOK® cap, followed by placement of the insert 12 a short distance into the interior of the larger cylinder 11 with the open ends of both cylinders facing each other. The insert 12 is then pushed downward into the larger cylinder 11 applying pressure to the upper end of the insert as indicated by the arrows 34, and the slurry is forced into the interior of the smaller cylinder 17 of the insert 12.

The resulting configuration is shown in FIG. 3 in which particles of the slurry have been retained inside the interior of the smaller cylinder 17 where they form a packed bed 35. The packed bed 35 is smaller in volume than the slurry, since it contains the particles fully packed, with excess carrier liquid having been expelled through the discharge port 16 as indicated by the arrow 36.

Both solid particles and carrier liquid are prevented from entering the annular space between the two cylinders and between the centering ribs 22 by the base flange 21. This flange is visible in FIGS. 2 and 3 only by its lower surface 38, since these Figures are cross sections taken through a plane that includes the centering ribs. The base flange 21 is more readily visible in FIG. 1, where the outer edge 41 of the base flange is visible. This outer edge forms a sliding fluid-tight seal against the inner wall of the interior of the larger cylinder 11 to prevent passage of both liquid and solid. To facilitate the seal while allowing the insert to be slid into place, the flange or the entire insert can be manufactured from a material that is relatively rigid compared to the larger cylinder 11. The relatively soft larger cylinder will thus be slightly deformed during insertion of the insert by the outward pressing force of the flange edge 41 against the cylinder wall.

The foregoing is offered for purposes of illustration. Further variations, modifications, and substitutions that fall within the scope of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. 

1. A chromatography cartridge comprising: an outer chamber having a longitudinal axis, an open first end, and a second end containing a liquid discharge port adapted to allow passage of liquid while blocking passage of solid particles, said outer chamber having an internal cross section that is constant along said longitudinal axis, an inner chamber having an open first end and a second end containing a vent port, said inner chamber slidably receivable in said outer chamber by insertion of said open first end of said inner chamber through said open first end of said outer chamber, said inner chamber having a smaller volumetric capacity than said outer chamber and adapted to receive solid particulate packing material, and sealing means between the inner and outer chamber for blocking liquid passage into regions between said inner and outer chambers during the insertion of said inner chamber.
 2. The chromatography cartridge of claim 1 wherein said inner and outer chambers are both circular cylinders.
 3. The chromatography cartridge of claim 1 wherein said liquid discharge port and said vent port are coaxial with said longitudinal axis.
 4. The chromatography cartridge of claim 1 wherein said inner and outer chambers are of substantially equal length.
 5. The chromatography cartridge of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the cross sectional areas of said inner chamber to said outer chamber is from about 0.05 to about 0.5.
 6. The chromatography cartridge of claim 1 wherein said vent port is adapted to allow passage of liquid while blocking passage of solid particles.
 7. The chromatography cartridge of claim 1 wherein said liquid discharge port is adapted to allow passage of liquid while blocking passage of solids by a filter or a frit retained within or at the entry to said liquid discharge port. 